Automatic Generation Control in Renewables-Integrated Multi-Area Power Systems: A Comparative Control Analysis

Tayyab Ashfaq (), Sidra Mumtaz, Saghir Ahmad, Basharat Ullah and Fahad R. Albogamy ()
Additional contact information
Tayyab Ashfaq: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
Sidra Mumtaz: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
Saghir Ahmad: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, COMSATS University Islamabad, Abbottabad Campus, Abbottabad 22060, Pakistan
Basharat Ullah: Department of Mechatronics Engineering, College of Electrical and Mechanical Engineering, National University of Sciences and Technology, Islamabad 44000, Pakistan
Fahad R. Albogamy: Turabah University College, Department of Mathematics, Computer Sciences Program, Taif University, P.O. Box 11099, Taif 21944, Saudi Arabia

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 13, 1-20

Abstract: Electrical load dynamics result in system instability if not met with adequate power generation. Therefore, monitoring and control plans are necessary to avoid potential consequences. Tie-line-bias control has facilitated power exchange between interconnected areas to cope with load dynamics. However, this approach presents a challenge, as load variation in either area leads to frequency deviations and power irregularities in each of the interconnected areas, which is undesirable. The load frequency control loop method is used to address this issue, which utilizes area control errors. This study focuses on the control of inter-area oscillations in a six-area power system under the effect of renewable energy sources. It evaluates the area control errors in response to changes in load and the penetration of renewable energy into the system. To mitigate these errors efficiently, an adaptive-PID controller is proposed, and its results are compared with PI and PID controllers optimized with heuristic and meta-heuristic algorithms. The findings demonstrate the superiority of the proposed controller over traditional controllers in mitigating tie-line power errors and frequency deviations in each area of the interconnected power system, thus helping to mitigate inter-area oscillations and restore system stability.

Keywords: load frequency control; renewable energy sources; area control error; Ziegler–Nichols method; particle-swarm optimization; proportional integral controller; proportional integral derivative controller; adaptive-PID (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/13/5735/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/16/13/5735/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jsusta:v:16:y:2024:i:13:p:5735-:d:1429167

Access Statistics for this article

Sustainability is currently edited by Ms. Alexandra Wu

More articles in Sustainability from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().