Psychosocial Risks in Non-University Teachers: A Comparative Study between Spain and Mexico on Their Occupational Health

Lucía Sanchis-Giménez, Alicia Tamarit, Vicente Javier Prado-Gascó, Laura Sánchez-Pujalte and Luis Díaz-Rodríguez ()
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Lucía Sanchis-Giménez: Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Alicia Tamarit: Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Vicente Javier Prado-Gascó: Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, Universitat de Valencia, Blasco Ibáñez 21, 46010 Valencia, Spain
Laura Sánchez-Pujalte: Faculty of Education, International University of Valencia, 46002 Valencia, Spain
Luis Díaz-Rodríguez: Faculty of Pedagogy, Universidad Pedagógica del Estado de Sinaloa, Calle Castiza s/n, Col. Cuauhtemoc, Culiacán 80027, SI, Mexico

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 16, 1-17

Abstract: Psychosocial risks seem to have a great impact on non-university teachers, giving rise to consequences such as burnout, health problems, and lack of engagement. These consequences result from high levels of stress, caused by an imbalance between demands and resources at work. Socio-cultural differences between Spain and Mexico, such as fewer educational resources and higher job insecurity in Mexico, can lead to a disparity in burnout rates, disproportionately impacting the occupational health in teachers from these countries. Thus, this study aims to (1) analyse psychosocial risks in two samples; (2) evaluate the relationships between demands, resources, and consequences; and (3) study the moderating effect of country on these relationships. Participants were 169 Spanish teachers and 218 Mexican teachers. Results showed that Spanish teachers experienced more role conflict, interpersonal conflict, work overload, and job insecurity. In both countries, work overload was the strongest predictor of burnout and health problems. Engagement was positively influenced by social support and autonomy in both contexts, with autonomy being the strongest predictor in Mexico. The type of country only moderated the relationship between job insecurity and burnout, being stronger in the case of Mexico. These findings provide crucial insights for the development of intervention programs aimed at reducing workload, managing conflicts, and enhancing social support, thus contributing to the social sustainability of the teaching profession.

Keywords: psychosocial risks; burnout; occupational health; teachers; engagement (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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