Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation in Nigeria: A Review

Chukwuebuka C. Okafor (), Charles C. Ajaero (), Christian N. Madu, Chinelo A. Nzekwe, Festus A. Otunomo and Nduji N. Nixon
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Chukwuebuka C. Okafor: Center for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria
Charles C. Ajaero: Center for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria
Christian N. Madu: Center for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria
Chinelo A. Nzekwe: School of Biological, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University College Cork, Distillery Field Campus, North Mall, T23 TK30 Cork, Ireland
Festus A. Otunomo: Nuclear Science and Technology, Department of Engineering, North-West University, Potchefstroom Campus, 11 Hoffman Street, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
Nduji N. Nixon: Center for Environmental Management and Control, University of Nigeria, Enugu Campus, Enugu 410001, Nigeria

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 16, 1-22

Abstract: Nigeria is one of the most vulnerable countries to climate change (CC) impact. Thus, there is a need to mitigate emission and implement strategies to adapt to the impacts of CC. This study is a review of publications on CC mitigation and/or adaptation in Nigeria. The aims are as follows: to identify commonly adopted climate change adaptation strategies (CCAS) and their determinants; and to identify the climate change mitigation strategies (CCMS) that are widely deployed to reduce emissions in Nigeria. Relevant keywords were used to search for publications in Scopus and Google Scholar. Our dataset shows that from 1999 to the present, there has been an exponential growth in the number of publications on CCAS and CCMS. In total, 75.2% of the papers were on CCAS, 19.6% were on CCMS and 5.2% combined CCAS and CCMS. Many of the papers on CCMS were on ‘Energy’ and ‘Agriculture’. Other sectors identified from the included studies pertinent to mitigation in Nigeria included ‘forestry’, ‘waste management’, ‘industry’ and others. Most (80.7%) of the CCAS papers were related to ‘Agriculture’, showing the most important sector where CC-adaptive capacity is required in Nigeria. In all, 45% of the papers on CCAS were on ‘Social’ adaptation, followed by ‘Structural measures’ (42%), with the smallest amount being on ‘Institutional’ measures (13%). The relatively fewer number of papers on institutional CCAS highlights the need for more research. This is because institutional measures which include policies, legal and fiscal support are important to build resilience to climate change impact. The greatest determinant influencing the adoption of CCAS is ‘Education’. A higher number of publications on ‘Agriculture’ for both CCMS and CCAS underscores the importance of the sector and the need to develop its mitigation and adaptive capacity strategies. Our results and findings were also compared and discussed in line with similar works on CCMS and CCAS in Africa.

Keywords: climate change; mitigation; adaptation; coping measures; sustainability; energy; agriculture; Nigeria (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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