Environmental Impacts of Natural Resources, Renewable Energy, Technological Innovation, and Globalization: Evidence from the Organization of Turkic States

Azizullah Faizi, Mehmet Zeki Ak, Mohammad Rahim Shahzad (), Selay Yüksel and Renato Toffanin
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Azizullah Faizi: Department of Economics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye
Mehmet Zeki Ak: Department of Economics, Faculty of Political Sciences, Sakarya University, Esentepe Campus, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye
Mohammad Rahim Shahzad: Department of Islamic Economics and Finance, Faculty of Political Science, Sakarya University, Sakarya 54050, Türkiye
Selay Yüksel: ARCHES—Advanced Research Centre for Health, Environment and Space, Via Giuseppe Leuzzi 18, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy
Renato Toffanin: ARCHES—Advanced Research Centre for Health, Environment and Space, Via Giuseppe Leuzzi 18, 70013 Castellana Grotte, Italy

Sustainability, 2024, vol. 16, issue 22, 1-20

Abstract: Environmental challenges have intensified as a result of global warming and climate change, creating significant threats to environmental quality. The member nations of the Organization of Turkic States (OTS) are especially impacted by these issues, primarily because of their reliance on fossil fuels, leading to elevated carbon emissions. This study examines the influence of natural resources, renewable energy, technological innovation, and globalization on environmental degradation in five OTS member countries—Azerbaijan, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, Türkiye, and Uzbekistan—covering the years 1996 to 2020. The ecological footprint and CO 2 emissions are employed as the main indicators of environmental harm. Through the application of the Method of Moments Quantile Regression (MMQR), the findings reveal that natural resources significantly contribute to CO 2 emissions in the lower quantiles but show a lesser impact on the ecological footprint. Conversely, renewable energy consistently improves environmental quality across all quantiles, whereas technological innovation and globalization are both associated with increased environmental degradation. Additionally, the causality test reveals a bidirectional causality between renewable energy consumption and both CO 2 emissions and the ecological footprint (EF), as well as between technological innovation and EF. Moreover, a unidirectional causal relationship is observed from globalization to EF. Based on the findings, policy recommendations for OTS member states include promoting the adoption of renewable energy, fostering green technological innovations, and addressing the negative environmental effects of globalization. Such measures are vital for achieving the Sustainable Development Goals and ensuring long-term environmental sustainability.

Keywords: natural resources; renewable energy; technological innovation; globalization; environmental quality; OTS nations (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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