A Review of Industrial Load Flexibility Enhancement for Demand-Response Interaction

Jiubo Zhang, Bowen Zhou (), Zhile Yang, Yuanjun Guo, Chen Lv, Xiaofeng Xu and Jichun Liu
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Jiubo Zhang: College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Bowen Zhou: College of Information Science and Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang 110819, China
Zhile Yang: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Yuanjun Guo: Shenzhen Institute of Advanced Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenzhen 518055, China
Chen Lv: China Electric Power Research Institute, Beijing 100192, China
Xiaofeng Xu: Department of Economic Management, North China Electric Power University, Baoding 071003, China
Jichun Liu: School of Electrical Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610065, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 11, 1-31

Abstract: The global transition toward low-carbon energy systems necessitates fundamental innovations in demand-side flexibility, particularly in industrial load regulation. This study presents a systematic review and critical analysis of 90 key research works (2015–2025) to establish a comprehensive framework for industrial load flexibility enhancement. We rigorously examined the tripartite interdependencies among the following: (1) Multi-energy flow physical coupling , addressing temporal-scale disparities in electricity-thermal-gas coordination under renewable penetration; (2) Uncertainty quantification , integrating data-driven and physics-informed modeling for robust decision-making; (3) Market mechanism synergy , analyzing demand response, carbon-P2P hybrid markets, and regulatory policy impacts. Our analysis reveals three fundamental challenges: the accuracy-stability trade-off in cross-timescale optimization, the policy-model disconnect in carbon-aware scheduling, and the computational complexity barrier for real-time industrial applications. The paper further proposes a roadmap for next-generation industrial load regulation systems, emphasizing co-optimization of technical feasibility, economic viability, and policy compliance. These findings advance both academic research and practical implementations for carbon-neutral power systems.

Keywords: industrial load flexibility; multi-energy flow systems; demand response; carbon market; sustainable development goals; optimization computing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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