‘Land Maxing’: Regenerative, Remunerative, Productive and Transformative Agriculture to Harness the Six Capitals of Sustainable Development

Roger R. B. Leakey () and Paul E. Harding
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Roger R. B. Leakey: International Tree Foundation, Oxford OX4 1JE, UK
Paul E. Harding: Tropical Agriculture Association International, Newton Stewart DG8 6EQ, UK

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-18

Abstract: After decades of calls for more sustainable land use systems, there is still a lack of consensus on an appropriate way forward, especially for tropical and subtropical agroecosystems. Land Maxing utilises appropriate, community-based interventions to fortify and maximise the multiple, long-term benefits and interest flows from investments that rebuild all six essential capitals of sustainable development (natural, social, human, physical, financial and political/corporate will) for resource-poor smallholder communities in tropical and subtropical countries. Land Maxing adds domestication of overlooked indigenous food tree species, and the commercialization of their marketable products, to existing land restoration efforts while empowering local communities, enhancing food sovereignty, and boosting the local economy and overall production. These agroecological and socio-economic interventions sustainably restore and intensify subsistence agriculture replacing conventional negative trade-offs with fortifying ‘trade-ons’. Land Maxing is therefore productive, regenerative, remunerative and transformative for farming communities in the tropics and sub-tropics. Through the development of resilience at all levels, Land Maxing uniquely addresses the big global issues of environmental degradation, hunger, malnutrition, poverty and social injustice, while mitigating climate change and restoring wildlife habitats. This buffers subsistence farming from population growth and poor international governance. The Tropical Agricultural Association International is currently planning a programme to up-scale and out-scale Land Maxing in Africa.

Keywords: agroforestry; agroecology; biodiversity; community engagement; climate change; marketing and trade; non-timber forest products; policy; tree domestication (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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