Review and Outlook of Fuel Cell Power Systems for Commercial Vehicles, Buses, and Heavy Trucks

Xingxing Wang (), Jiaying Ji, Junyi Li, Zhou Zhao, Hongjun Ni and Yu Zhu
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Xingxing Wang: School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
Jiaying Ji: School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
Junyi Li: School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
Zhou Zhao: Technology Center-Foresight Technology Research Institute, Higer Bus Co., Ltd., Suzhou 215062, China
Hongjun Ni: School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China
Yu Zhu: School of Mechanical Engineering, Nantong University, Nantong 226019, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 13, 1-30

Abstract: The power system, which is also one of the most crucial parts of fuel cell cars, marks the biggest distinction between them and conventional automobiles. Fuel cell hybrid power systems are reviewed in this paper along with their current state of research. Three different kinds of fuel cell hybrid power systems—fuel cell–battery, fuel cell–supercapacitor, and fuel cell–battery–supercapacitor—are thoroughly compared and analyzed, and they are systematically explained in the three areas of passenger cars, buses, and heavy duty trucks. Existing fuel cell hybrid systems and energy strategies are systematically reviewed and summarized, including predictive control strategies based on game theory, power allocation strategies, fuzzy control strategies, and adaptive super twisted sliding mode control (ASTSMC) energy management techniques. This study offers recommendations and direction for the future direction of fuel cell hybrid power system research and development.

Keywords: fuel cell; mechanical system; energy management strategy; commercial vehicles; town bus; heavy truck (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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