Developing Performance Measurement Framework for Sustainable Facility Management (SFM) in Office Buildings Using Bayesian Best Worst Method

Ayşe Pınar Özyılmaz, Fehmi Samet Demirci, Ozan Okudan and Zeynep Işık ()
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Ayşe Pınar Özyılmaz: Hayat Kimya Sanayi A.Ş., Istanbul 34662, Turkey
Fehmi Samet Demirci: Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpaşa Caddesi, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
Ozan Okudan: Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpaşa Caddesi, Istanbul 34220, Turkey
Zeynep Işık: Department of Civil Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Davutpaşa Caddesi, Istanbul 34220, Turkey

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 14, 1-26

Abstract: The confluence of financial constraints, climate change mitigation efforts, and evolving user expectations has significantly transformed the concept of facility management (FM). Traditional FM has now evolved to enhance sustainability in the built environment. Sustainable facility management (SFM) can add value to companies, organizations, and governments by balancing the financial, environmental, and social outcomes of the FM processes. The systematic literature review revealed a limited number of studies developing a performance measurement framework for SFM in office buildings and/or other building types in the literature. Given that the lack of this theoretical basis inhibits the effective deployment of SFM practices, this study aims to fill this gap by developing a performance measurement framework for SFM in office buildings. Accordingly, an in-depth literature review was initially conducted to synthesize sustainable performance measurement factors. Next, a series of focus group discussion (FGD) sessions were organized to refine and verify the factors and develop a novel performance measurement framework for SFM. Lastly, consistency analysis, the Bayesian best worst method (BBWM), and sensitivity analysis were implemented to determine the priorities of the factors. What the proposed framework introduces is the combined use of two performance measurement mechanisms, such as continuous performance measurement and comprehensive performance measurement. The continuous performance measurement is conducted using high-priority factors. On the other hand, the comprehensive performance measurement is conducted with all the factors proposed in this study. Also, the BBWM results showed that “Energy-efficient material usage”, “Percentage of energy generated from renewable energy resources to total energy consumption”, and “Promoting hybrid or remote work conditions” are the top three factors, with scores of 0.0741, 0.0598, and 0.0555, respectively. Moreover, experts should also pay the utmost attention to factors related to waste management, indoor air quality, thermal comfort, and H&S measures. In addition to its theoretical contributions, the paper makes practical contributions by enabling decision makers to measure the SFM performance of office buildings and test the outcomes of their managerial processes in terms of performance.

Keywords: sustainable facility management; performance measurement; framework development; office buildings; Bayesian best worst method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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