Agriculture 5.0 in Colombia: Opportunities Through the Emerging 6G Network

Alexis Barrios-Ulloa, Andrés Solano-Barliza, Wilson Arrubla-Hoyos, Adelaida Ojeda-Beltrán, Dora Cama-Pinto (), Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos and Alejandro Cama-Pinto ()
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Alexis Barrios-Ulloa: Manglar Research Group, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
Andrés Solano-Barliza: Faculty of Engineering, Universidad de La Guajira, Riohacha 440002, Colombia
Wilson Arrubla-Hoyos: Manglar Research Group, Universidad de Sucre, Sincelejo 700001, Colombia
Adelaida Ojeda-Beltrán: Faculty of Economy, Universidad del Atlántico, Puerto Colombia 081007, Colombia
Dora Cama-Pinto: Department of Computer Architecture and Technology, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
Francisco Manuel Arrabal-Campos: Department Engineering, University of Almeria, 04120 Almería, Spain
Alejandro Cama-Pinto: Department of Computer Science and Electronics, Universidad de la Costa, Barranquilla 080002, Colombia

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 15, 1-28

Abstract: Agriculture 5.0 represents a shift towards a more sustainable agricultural model, integrating Artificial Intelligence (AI), the Internet of Things (IoT), robotics, and blockchain technologies to enhance productivity and resource management, with an emphasis on social and environmental resilience. This article explores how the evolution of wireless technologies to sixth-generation networks (6G) can support innovation in Colombia’s agricultural sector and foster rural advancement. The study follows three main phases: search, analysis, and selection of information. In the search phase, key government policies, spectrum management strategies, and the relevant literature from 2020 to 2025 were reviewed. The analysis phase addresses challenges such as spectrum regulation and infrastructure deployment within the context of a developing country. Finally, the selection phase evaluates technological readiness and policy frameworks. Findings suggest that 6G could revolutionize Colombian agriculture by improving connectivity, enabling real-time monitoring, and facilitating precision farming, especially in rural areas with limited infrastructure. Successful 6G deployment could boost agricultural productivity, reduce socioeconomic disparities, and foster sustainable rural development, contingent on aligned public policies, infrastructure investments, and human capital development.

Keywords: artificial intelligence; Agriculture 5.0; smart agriculture; 6G Networks; spectrum; Internet of Things (IoT); sustainable farming (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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