The Analysis of Fire Protection for Selected Historical Buildings as a Part of Crisis Management: Slovak Case Study

Jana Jaďuďová, Linda Makovická Osvaldová, Stanislava Gašpercová and David Řehák ()
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Jana Jaďuďová: Department of Fire Engineering, Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, 016 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Linda Makovická Osvaldová: Department of Fire Engineering, Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, 016 26 Žilina, Slovakia
Stanislava Gašpercová: Department of Fire Engineering, Faculty of Security Engineering, University of Žilina, 016 26 Žilina, Slovakia
David Řehák: Department of Civil Protection, Faculty of Safety Engineering, Technical University of Ostrava, 708 00 Ostrava, Czech Republic

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 15, 1-20

Abstract: Historical buildings are exposed to an increased risk of fire. The direct influence comes from the buildings’ structural design and the fire protection level. The fundamental principle for reducing the loss of heritage value in historical buildings due to fire is fire protection, as part of crisis management. This article focuses on selected castle buildings from Slovakia. Three castle buildings were selected based on their location in the country. All of them are currently used for museum purposes. Using an analytical form, we assessed fire hazards and fire safety measures in two parts, calculated the fire risk index, and proposed solutions. Qualitative research, which is more suitable for the issue at hand, was used to evaluate the selected objects. The main methods used in the research focused on visual assessment of the current condition of the objects and analysis of fire documentation and its comparison with currently valid legal regulations. Based on the results, we can conclude that Kežmarok Castle (part of the historical city center) has a small fire risk (fire risk index = 13 points). Trenčín Castle (situated on a rock above the city) and Stará Ľubovňa Castle (situated on a limestone hill outside the city, surrounded by forest) have an increased risk of fire (fire risk index = 50–63). Significant risk sources identified included surrounding forest areas, technical failures related to outdated electrical installations, open flames during cultural events, the concentration of highly flammable materials, and complex evacuation routes for both people and museum collections.

Keywords: historical buildings; castle; crisis situation; fire risk; fire protection (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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