Integrating TRIZ Methodology in Human-Centered Design: Developing a Multifunctional, Sustainable Cup Holder

Kai-Chao Yao, Chun-Chung Liao, Kuo-Yi Li, Wei-Lun Huang, Wei-Sho Ho (), Jing-Ran Xu (), Shu-Chen Yang, Hui-Ling Hsiao, Yin-Chi Lin, Ching-Yi Lai and Ying-Ju Tseng
Additional contact information
Kai-Chao Yao: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
Chun-Chung Liao: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
Kuo-Yi Li: Department of Industrial Engineering and Management, National Chin-Yi University of Technology, No. 57, Sec. 2, Zhongshan Rd., Taiping Dist., Taichung City 411030, Taiwan
Wei-Lun Huang: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
Wei-Sho Ho: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
Jing-Ran Xu: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan
Shu-Chen Yang: Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
Hui-Ling Hsiao: Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
Yin-Chi Lin: Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
Ching-Yi Lai: Department of Nursing, Central Taiwan University of Science and Technology, No. 666, Buzi Rd., Beitun Dist., Taichung City 406053, Taiwan
Ying-Ju Tseng: Department of Electrical and Mechanical Technology, National Changhua University of Education Bao-Shan Campus, No. 2, Shi-Da Rd., Changhua City 500208, Taiwan

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 16, 1-22

Abstract: This study presents the development of an innovative multifunctional cup holder designed to enhance safety, usability, and sustainability. Addressing common issues such as accidental spills, heat retention, and structural stability, the proposed design incorporates adjustable fixation and heating functionalities. The research applies a systematic design approach, applying the Theory of Inventive Problem Solving (TRIZ) methodology to resolve design contradictions and enhance product functionality. By integrating human factors considerations and universal design principles, the cup holder aims to improve user experience and accessibility. The design features a vacuum-based adjustable fixation system to prevent tipping, a controlled heating mechanism to maintain beverage temperature, and a shock-absorbing structure for enhanced durability. To evaluate whether the final design meets user expectations, a SERVQUAL questionnaire was used to collect user feedback, which was then analyzed using the Importance–Performance Analysis combined with the Kano model (IPA-Kano model). The results revealed an overall importance score of 4.347 and a satisfaction score of 3.943. Key strengths identified include reliable shock resistance, effective fixation, and ease of operation, while areas such as brand reputation and temperature control precision were found to require improvement due to their high importance but low performance. These insights confirm that the proposed design effectively enhances stability, thermal performance, and user convenience, while aligning with users’ expectations. By addressing critical functional and safety needs, this research advances the development of practical, user-centered innovations in everyday product design.

Keywords: cup holder; TRIZ; human-centered design (HCD); universal design principles; IPA; Kano model (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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