The Influence of Traditional Residential Skywell Forms on Building Performance in Hot and Humid Regions of China—Taking Huangshan Area as an Example

Lingling Wang, Jilong Zhao (), Qingtan Deng (), Siyu Wang and Ruixia Liu
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Lingling Wang: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Jilong Zhao: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Qingtan Deng: School of Architecture and Urban Planning, Shandong Jianzhu University, Jinan 250101, China
Siyu Wang: School of Architecture, Southwest Jiaotong University, Chengdu 611756, China
Ruixia Liu: School of Architecture, Changan University, Xian 710061, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 17, 1-27

Abstract: Skywells are crucial for climate regulation in traditional Chinese dwelling architecture, exhibiting significant variations across climatic regions. This study focuses on humid–hot China, using Huangshan, to explore skywell parameters’ impact on thermal comfort and energy efficiency. Field research on 24 buildings in the World Heritage Site Xidi, Hong Villages, and Chinese Historical Pingshan Village, combined with Grasshopper’s Ladybug tool, established a parametric model. Using orthogonal design, performance simulation, and Python-based machine learning, six morphological parameters were analyzed: width-to-length ratio, height-to-width ratio, orientation, hall depth, wing width, and shading width. After NSGA-II multi-objective optimization, the summer Percentage of Time Comfortable (P TC ) increased by 5.3%, 38.14 h; the Universal Thermal Climate Index (UTCI) relatively improved by 2%; energy consumption decreased by 8.6%, 0.14 kWh/m 2 ; and the useful daylight illuminance increased by 28%, 128.4 h. This confirms the climate adaptability of courtyard-style buildings in humid–hot China and identifies optimized skywell parameters within the study scope.

Keywords: multi-objective optimization; humid and hot regions; traditional dwellings; building performance; orthogonal experiments; thermal performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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