Sustainable Transportation Optimisation of Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment Using AI-Based Evolutionary Algorithms

Jorge A. Ruiz-Vanoye, Ocotlán Díaz-Parra, Francisco R. Trejo-Macotela (), José M. Liceaga-Ortiz- De-La-Peña, Myrna Lezama León, Evangelina Lezama León, Jaime Aguilar-Ortiz and Alejandro Fuentes-Penna
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Jorge A. Ruiz-Vanoye: Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca—Cd. Sahagún km 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Zempoala 43830, Mexico
Ocotlán Díaz-Parra: Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca—Cd. Sahagún km 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Zempoala 43830, Mexico
Francisco R. Trejo-Macotela: Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca—Cd. Sahagún km 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Zempoala 43830, Mexico
José M. Liceaga-Ortiz- De-La-Peña: Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca—Cd. Sahagún km 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Zempoala 43830, Mexico
Myrna Lezama León: Doctorado en Planeación Estratégica y Dirección de Tecnología, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Pue-bla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
Evangelina Lezama León: Doctorado en Planeación Estratégica y Dirección de Tecnología, Universidad Popular Autónoma del Estado de Pue-bla, Puebla 72410, Mexico
Jaime Aguilar-Ortiz: Dirección de Investigación, Innovación y Posgrado, Universidad Politécnica de Pachuca, Carretera Pachuca—Cd. Sahagún km 20, Ex-Hacienda de Santa Bárbara, Zempoala 43830, Mexico
Alejandro Fuentes-Penna: El Colegio de Morelos, Av. Morelos Sur 154, Esquina Con Amates, Colonia Las Palmas, Cuernavaca 62050, Mexico

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 18, 1-27

Abstract: Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment (WEEE) management is a critical global challenge. This study proposes a model for the WEEE Transportation Problem using advanced evolutionary algorithms such as the Genetic Algorithm (GA), the Offspring-Selected Genetic Algorithm (OSGA), the Evolution Strategy (ES), and the Offspring-Selected Evolution Strategy (OSES). These algorithms, which are part of the field of Artificial Intelligence (AI), are applied to optimise transportation routes, minimising time and costs, and promoting sustainability by reducing the carbon footprint. Test instances and solutions are presented to demonstrate the feasibility of the model and the effectiveness of the proposed algorithms. Rather than providing technical detail, the focus is placed on the novelty of applying these algorithms to the WEEE Transportation Problem in Mexico, particularly for minimising operational cost. While reductions in carbon emissions are discussed as a natural consequence of cost optimisation, a formal dual-objective formulation is beyond the present scope and is identified as a direction for future work.

Keywords: e-waste; WEEE; AI; evolutionary algorithms; sustainable transportation; optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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