Enhancing High-Bay Warehouse Sustainability: High-Strength and Low-Carbon Steel for Weight, Cost, and CO 2 Optimization

Christian Dago Ngodji, Mathieu Gauchey, Géraldine Wain, Francesco Morelli, Agnese Natali, Francesco Lippi and Marina D’Antimo ()
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Christian Dago Ngodji: CRM Group, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Mathieu Gauchey: CRM Group, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Géraldine Wain: CRM Group, 4000 Liège, Belgium
Francesco Morelli: Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Agnese Natali: Department of Civil and Industrial Engineering, Università di Pisa, 56126 Pisa, Italy
Francesco Lippi: S.I.T.A., Pretoria 0081, South Africa
Marina D’Antimo: ArcelorMittal Flat Europe, L-1160 Luxembourg, Luxembourg

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 19, 1-20

Abstract: Online shopping has experienced rapid growth in recent years, driven by evolving consumer habits and the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. With increasing demand for quick and efficient product delivery, retailers are turning to advanced storage solutions to support logistics and distribution. High Bay Warehouses (HBW) have emerged as a key solution, offering high-density vertical storage to maximize space utilization. This study focuses on optimizing HBW structures through the use of high-strength steels, particularly HyPer ® Steel grades. By replacing conventional steels such as S350GD with higher-strength alternatives, this study demonstrates the potential to reduce the overall structural weight, lower carbon emissions, and improve cost efficiency, while maintaining equivalent structural performance. The research explores how the conjunction of material optimization and the use of low-carbon steel (XCarb ® ) can contribute to more sustainable and efficient storage solutions for the growing demands of modern logistics.

Keywords: high-bay warehouses; HBW; high-strength steel; HSS; S500GD; low-carbon steel; sustainability; sustainable design (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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