Comparative Analysis of Machine Learning Algorithms for Sustainable Attack Detection in Intelligent Transportation Systems Using Long-Range Sensor Network Technology

Zbigniew Kasprzyk () and Mariusz Rychlicki
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Zbigniew Kasprzyk: Division of Air Transport Engineering and Teleinformatics, Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa St, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland
Mariusz Rychlicki: Division of Air Transport Engineering and Teleinformatics, Faculty of Transport, Warsaw University of Technology, 75 Koszykowa St, 00-662 Warsaw, Poland

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 20, 1-31

Abstract: Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) play a crucial role in building sustainable and resilient urban mobility by improving traffic efficiency, reducing energy consumption, and lowering emissions. The integration of IoT technologies, particularly long-range low-power networks such as LoRaWAN, enables energy-efficient communication between vehicles and road infrastructure, supporting the sustainability goals of smart cities. However, the widespread deployment of IoT devices also introduces significant cybersecurity risks that may compromise the safety, reliability, and long-term sustainability of transportation systems. To address this challenge, we propose a method for generating synthetic network data that simulates normal traffic and DDoS attacks by randomly selecting distribution parameters for features like packets per second and unique device addresses, enabling evaluation of machine learning algorithms (e.g., Gradient Boosting, Random Forest, SVM, XGBoost) using F1-score and AUC metrics in a controlled environment. By enhancing cybersecurity and resilience in ITS, our research contributes to the development of safer, more energy-efficient, and sustainable transportation infrastructures.

Keywords: attack detection; LoRaWAN; machine learning; sustainable transportation; resilient intelligent transportation systems; smart city sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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