Resilient Frequency Control for Renewable-Energy Distributed Systems Considering Demand-Side Resources

Jijiang Gu, Changzheng Shao, Ling Li (), Hanxin Zhang, Chengrong Lin and Yangjun Zhou
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Jijiang Gu: Guangxi Electric Power Company, Nanning 530013, China
Changzheng Shao: State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Ling Li: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance of Power Equipment, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co., Ltd., Nanning 530032, China
Hanxin Zhang: State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Chengrong Lin: State Key Laboratory of Power Transmission Equipment Technology, School of Electrical Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China
Yangjun Zhou: Guangxi Key Laboratory of Intelligent Control and Maintenance of Power Equipment, Electric Power Research Institute of Guangxi Power Grid Co., Ltd., Nanning 530032, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 20, 1-17

Abstract: Extreme natural disasters can force microgrids into islanded operation, where low system inertia and asynchronous, time-varying communication delays present severe challenges to frequency stability. These challenges threaten not only short-term reliability but also the sustainable operation of renewable-dominated energy systems. Existing frequency control methods are often unable to robustly handle heterogeneous delays, thereby limiting the resilience of power systems with high shares of renewables. To address this issue, we propose a parametric Riccati equation-based frequency control method that adaptively adjusts control parameters to balance system robustness and optimality under asynchronous delays. Controller stability is guaranteed by Barbalat’s lemma. The main contributions include: (i) developing a microgrid frequency control model that incorporates asynchronous delays, (ii) designing a delay-aware controller using the parametric Riccati equation, and (iii) validating its effectiveness on a modified New England 39-bus system. Simulation results confirm that the proposed method enhances frequency stability under disaster-induced islanding scenarios. By ensuring robust and reliable operation of renewable-rich power systems, the proposed approach contributes to the sustainable integration of renewable energy, reduces blackout risks, and supports long-term environmental and socio-economic sustainability goals.

Keywords: renewable energy; sustainability goals; power system; frequency control; response delay (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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