Towards Sustainable Urban Mobility: Evaluating the Effective Connectivity of Cycling Networks in Mixed Traffic Environments of Nanjing, China

Zhaoqiu Tan and Jinru Wang ()
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Zhaoqiu Tan: Military Foundation Department, Army Engineering University of the People’s Liberation Army, Nanjing 210007, China
Jinru Wang: School of Civil Engineering and Transportation, Northeast Forestry University, Harbin 150040, China

Sustainability, 2025, vol. 17, issue 21, 1-29

Abstract: Promoting cycling in mixed-traffic environments remains a global challenge, hinging on the development of well-connected, low-stress networks. However, existing evaluation frameworks often lack comprehensiveness, overlooking the multifaceted nature of cyclists’ experiences. This study addresses this gap by proposing a novel multidimensional evaluation framework for assessing the effective connectivity of urban cycling networks. The framework integrates four critical dimensions: (1) structural connectivity of the basic road network, (2) dynamic interference from mixed traffic, (3) comfort of the cycling environment, and (4) cross-barrier connectivity. Using Nanjing, China, as a case study, we applied a hybrid Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP)–Grey Clustering method to derive objective indicator weights and conduct a comprehensive evaluation. The results yield a composite score of 3.2568 (on a 0–4 scale), classifying Nanjing’s cycling network connectivity at the “Four-Star” level, indicating a generally positive developmental trajectory. Nevertheless, spatial disparities persist: the urban core faces intense traffic interference, while peripheral areas are hindered by network fragmentation and poor permeability. Key challenges include frequent vehicle–cyclist conflicts at intersections, inadequate nighttime illumination, suboptimal pavement conditions, and excessive detours caused by natural barriers such as the Yangtze River. This study provides urban planners and policymakers with a robust and systematic diagnostic tool to identify deficiencies and prioritize targeted interventions, ultimately contributing to sustainable urban mobility by enhancing the resilience, equity, and attractiveness of cycling networks in complex mixed-traffic settings.

Keywords: sustainable urban mobility; cycling network connectivity; mixed traffic environment; multidimensional evaluation; grey clustering analysis; AHP; urban planning (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: O13 Q Q0 Q2 Q3 Q5 Q56 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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