The Portuguese Economy in the Doldrums: Can Exporting to the Global South Fill the Sails?

Wim Naudé and Martin Cameron
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Wim Naudé: RWTH Aachen University & University of Coimbra, CeBER
Martin Cameron: Trade Research Advisory (Pty) Ltd, South Africa

No 2026-08, CeBER Working Papers from Centre for Business and Economics Research (CeBER), University of Coimbra

Abstract: Portugal’s post-1960 growth was export-led, but the economy is now in the doldrums: GDP per capita has plateaued at roughly two-thirds of the EU average and merchandise export growth has slowed to its weakest sustained rate in six decades. Using an illustrative quality-threshold trade model, with non-homothetic demand and capabilitydependent costs, we show how an intermediate-capability country such as Portugal can fall into what we describe as an European market-concentration trap. The empirical record, covering six phases of Portuguese trade history from 1960, is consistent with this model. As a remedy, we propose that the country should revive exports as an engine of growth by diversifying their geographic destination, in particular to countries in the Global South. Applying an export Decision-Support Model (DSM) to CEPII-BACI trade data, we estimate significant untapped short-term export potential (around e billion) for Portugal across a combination of 16 products to 8 markets in the Global South. Diversifying exports to markets where Portugal’s existing capability is a comparative advantage may generate revenue, scale and firm-level learning which would promote the country’s technological upgrading.

Keywords: Exports; trade; economic growth; Portugal (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: F14 F15 F43 O52 O55 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 48 pages
Date: 2026-10
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