Energy Transition and CO2 Emissions: Fresh Insight from Low, Middle and High-Income Countries

Parisa Pakrooh, Hela Nammouri () and Sami Ben Jabeur ()
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Hela Nammouri: UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598) - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESDES - ESDES, Lyon Business School - UCLy - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University)
Sami Ben Jabeur: UR CONFLUENCE : Sciences et Humanités (EA 1598) - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University), ESDES - ESDES, Lyon Business School - UCLy - UCLy - UCLy (Lyon Catholic University)

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Abstract: The energy transition to sustainable systems is critical in mitigating carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions and achieving energy security. This study systematically analyzes the impact of transitioning from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources across countries of low, middle, and high-income levels, considering complex factors such as social aspects, legislative actions, and economic conditions that influence these transitions. For this aim, the GreenQ index introduced by Lau et al. (2023); a robust econometric model, the Cross-sectionally Augmented Autoregressive Distributed Lag (CS-ARDL) technique by Chudik and Pesaran (2015); and the Dumitrescu and Hurlin (2012) non-Granger causality test are applied to panel data from 1965 to 2021 of 53 countries. Findings highlight that advancements in green energy technologies and stringent legislative frameworks significantly reduce CO₂ emissions, particularly in high-income countries. Additionally, the results show that trade openness is associated with a slight reduction in emissions in low- and middle-income countries, while urbanization and political liberties have varying impacts depending on the income level of the country.

Keywords: CO2 Emissions; Climate Change; Energy Transition; Sustainable; Development; Émissions de CO2; changement climatique; transition énergétique; développement durable (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-04
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Published in Research in International Business and Finance, 2025, 76, pp.102880. ⟨10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.102880⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05493948

DOI: 10.1016/j.ribaf.2025.102880

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