Towards self-powered smart contact lenses: integration of autonomous power sources, microfabricated antennas, and multidisciplinary design constraints

Patrice Salzenstein (), Blandine Edouard Guichardaz, Aya Maroua Bessou, Ekaterina Pavlyuchenko and Maxim Pogurmirskiy
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Patrice Salzenstein: FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - ENSMM - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMLP - Université Marie et Louis Pasteur - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]
Blandine Edouard Guichardaz: FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - ENSMM - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMLP - Université Marie et Louis Pasteur - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]
Aya Maroua Bessou: FEMTO-ST - Franche-Comté Électronique Mécanique, Thermique et Optique - Sciences et Technologies (UMR 6174) - UTBM - Université de Technologie de Belfort-Montbeliard - ENSMM - Ecole Nationale Supérieure de Mécanique et des Microtechniques - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - UMLP - Université Marie et Louis Pasteur - UBFC - Université Bourgogne Franche-Comté [COMUE]
Ekaterina Pavlyuchenko: CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique
Maxim Pogurmirskiy: FAREXPORT - FAREXPORT, Ltd.

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Abstract: We present a multidisciplinary approach to self-powered smart contact lenses integrating autonomous energy sources, microfabricated antennas, and advanced materials. Power is harvested via tear-based biofuel cells, blink-activated nanogenerators, and kinetic motion, enabling continuous operation without external power. A 9.5 mm double-loop antenna operates in the low microwave band, supporting robust wireless communication. Design integrates ASICs, sensors, and hybrid energy systems into a biocompatible, transparent lens. Key challenges addressed include thin-film coatings, SAR compliance, signal integrity, and uncertainty quantification. This work lays the foundation for smart lenses enabling real-time biosensing, health monitoring, and augmented vision in fully autonomous wearable devices

Date: 2025-10-12
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://hal.science/hal-05532368v1
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Published in SPIE/ COS Photonics Asia, Oct 2025, Beijing, China

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