Immigration and firm performance: who gains and who loses

Nazlı Karamollaoğlu and Federico Trionfetti ()
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Nazlı Karamollaoğlu: MEF Universtiy, Turkey
Federico Trionfetti: Aix-MarseilleUniversity, CNRS, EHESS, CentraleMarseille, AMSE., AMSE - Aix-Marseille Sciences Economiques - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - AMU - Aix Marseille Université - ECM - École Centrale de Marseille - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, AMU - Aix Marseille Université

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Abstract: Following the intensification of the conflict in Syria in 2012, the number of Syrian refugees in Turkey has reached to 3.7 million as of 2021, according to the Turkish Directorate General for Migration Management. Syrian refugees have become an important source of informal employment, as almost 2 million Syrians are of working age. Therefore, this large flow of immigrants has had major impacts on the dynamics of the labor market through the abundance of largely unskilled labor. This paper provides evidence on the impact of this massive refugee inflow, resulting from the changes in labor markets, on firm-level total sales and domestic sales using a comprehensive firm-level data and city-level immigration density measures. Our results suggest that firms in cities with greater immigrant penetration saw increasing sales, mostly in labour-intensive firms.

Keywords: F14; F22 Syrian Refugees; Capital Intensity; Firm Heterogeneity (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-06-20
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Published in Review of World Economics, 2026, ⟨10.1007/s10290-026-00658-z⟩

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:hal-05768489

DOI: 10.1007/s10290-026-00658-z

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