The energy transition: some insights into the challenges, obstacles and conditions for success

Mouez Fodha ()
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Mouez Fodha: PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris

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Abstract: The energy transition aims to respond to an environmental constraint linked to the depletion of our carbon budget, which is responsible for climate change. This transition is complex and costly, but it is necessary. Climate scientists agree that the short-term costs of the transition are disproportionate to its future benefits; in other words, the costs of action are significant, but the costs of inaction in the face of climate change are likely to be insurmountable. An energy transition is therefore urgently needed, with three main objectives: carbon neutrality, by decoupling GDP growth from CO2 emissions; industrial competitiveness, by stimulating new forms of lower-emissions economic activity; and, finally, a fair distribution of costs. The aim of this note is to highlight these objectives, to shed light on the role of the key actors and their responsibilities, to underline the potential opportunities that could be exploited and, finally, to propose some measures to overcome the obstacles.

Date: 2024-11
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Published in Revue d'économie politique, 2024, 2024/5 (134), pp.651-663

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