Extending working lives in Japan: Evidence and lessons from an outlier

Hippolyte D’albis (), Mélika Ben Salem () and Ekrame Boubtane ()
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Hippolyte D’albis: ESSEC Business School
Mélika Ben Salem: ERUDITE - Equipe de Recherche sur l’Utilisation des Données Individuelles en lien avec la Théorie Economique - UPEC UP12 - Université Paris-Est Créteil Val-de-Marne - Paris 12 - Université Gustave Eiffel
Ekrame Boubtane: PSE - Paris School of Economics - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris, PJSE - Paris Jourdan Sciences Economiques - UP1 - Université Paris 1 Panthéon-Sorbonne - ENS-PSL - École normale supérieure - Paris - PSL - Université Paris Sciences et Lettres - EHESS - École des hautes études en sciences sociales - CNRS - Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique - INRAE - Institut National de Recherche pour l’Agriculture, l’Alimentation et l’Environnement - ENPC - École nationale des ponts et chaussées - IP Paris - Institut Polytechnique de Paris
Authors registered in the RePEc Author Service: Hippolyte d'Albis

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Abstract: Population ageing poses major fiscal and macroeconomic challenges for OECD countries. Japan, the most rapidly ageing economy, offers a natural laboratory to study the aggregate effects of extending working lives. Using quarterly data over the period 1975Q1–2022Q4 and structural VAR models, we estimate the dynamic impact of shocks to the labour force participation of older workers. We find that higher participation has no significant effect on GDP per capita but improves the fiscal balance, while also being associated with a decline in average labour productivity. Moreover, the results reveal complementarities across both age and gender: increases in older workers' participation are accompanied by higher participation and employment among younger cohorts, as well as a strong positive participation response among older women following an increase in older men's participation.

Date: 2026-06
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Published in The Journal of the Economics of Ageing, 2026, 34, ⟨10.1016/j.jeoa.2026.100643⟩

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Related works:
Journal Article: Extending working lives in Japan: Evidence and lessons from an outlier (2026)
Working Paper: Extending working lives in Japan: Evidence and lessons from an outlier (2026)
Working Paper: Extending Working Lives in Japan: Evidence and Lessons from an Outlier (2026)
Working Paper: Extending Working Lives in Japan: Evidence and Lessons from an Outlier (2026)
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hal:journl:halshs-05666846

DOI: 10.1016/j.jeoa.2026.100643

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