Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Party Electorates, 1962-2014

Abhijit Banerjee, Amory Gethin and Thomas Piketty

World Inequality Lab Working Papers from HAL

Abstract: This paper combines surveys, election results and social spending data to document the long-run evolution of political cleavages in India. From a dominantparty system featuring the Indian National Congress as the main actor of the mediation of political conflicts, Indian politics have gradually come to include a number of smaller regionalist parties and, more recently, the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP). These changes coincide with the rise of religious divisions and the persistence of strong caste-based cleavages, while education, income and occupation play little role (controlling for caste) in determining voters' choices. We find no evidence that India's new party system has been associated with changes in social policy. While BJP-led states are generally characterized by a smaller social sector, switching to a party representing upper castes or upper classes has no significant effect on social spending. We interpret this as evidence that voters seem to be less driven by straightforward economic interests than by sectarian interests and cultural priorities. In India, as in many Western democracies, political conflicts have become increasingly focused on identity and religious-ethnic conflicts rather than on tangible material benefits and class-based redistribution.

Keywords: India; Political cleavages; Economic cleavage; Social spending (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2019
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-his and nep-pol
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://pjse.hal.science/hal-02877001v1
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (14)

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Working Paper: Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Party Electorates, 1962-2014 (2019)
Working Paper: Growing Cleavages in India? Evidence from the Changing Structure of Party Electorates, 1962-2014 (2019)
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