Lockdowns and the aggregate dynamics of a pandemic: mind the rebound

Hubert Kempf () and Stéphane Rossignol ()
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Hubert Kempf: ENS Paris Saclay - Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, OFCE - Observatoire français des conjonctures économiques (Sciences Po) - Sciences Po - Sciences Po
Stéphane Rossignol: LED - Laboratoire d'Economie Dionysien - UP8 - Université Paris 8 Vincennes-Saint-Denis

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Abstract: We study optimal lockdown decisions taken by a policymaker facing a pan- demic modelled according to the standard SIRD deterministic model. The policymaker trades off the economic costs and the mortality record of the pandemic which depend on the severity and duration of the lockdown. We contrast the shortsightedness versus the farsightedness of the policymaker. Policy-related peaks and rebounds are characterized and explain why a strong eradication policy is self-defeating. A farsighted policy should not be too severe so as to avoid a rebound. The shortest duration consistent with a given health goal is not the less costly. There exists an optimal pair of duration and lockdown severity resulting in herd immunity.

Keywords: pandemic; lockdown policy; Covid-19 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025-07-29
Note: View the original document on HAL open archive server: https://sciencespo.hal.science/hal-05191449v1
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