A Data-Driven Caputo Fractional-Order Model for Typhoid Fever Transmission With Imperfect Vaccination and Environmental Contamination

Mlyashimbi Helikumi

Abstract and Applied Analysis, 2026, vol. 2026, 1-20

Abstract: Typhoid fever remains a major public health problem in settings with inadequate vaccination, unsafe water, poor sanitation, and environmental contamination. This study developed a data-driven Caputo fractional-order model incorporating imperfect vaccination, direct and environmental transmission, waning immunity, and pathogen contamination. Positivity, boundedness, existence, uniqueness, Hyers–Ulam stability, and local stability of the disease-free equilibrium were established. The effective reproduction number, Re, was derived, with the disease-free equilibrium stable when Re

Date: 2026
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:hin:jnlaaa:3162133

DOI: 10.1155/aaa/3162133

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