Impact of Seawater Immersion of (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)x(Bi, Pb)-2223 Composites

Ahmad Najem, M. Anas, K. Habanjar and R. Awad

Modern Applied Science, 2024, vol. 18, issue 1, 1

Abstract: This work investigated the effects of adding Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 nanoparticles in (Bi, Pb)-2223 superconductor. The conventional solid-state reaction method was used to create (Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4)x(Bi, Pb)-2223 composites (0.00 ≤ x < 0.40 wt. %). X-ray diffraction (XRD) revealed the main phase of the tetragonal (Bi, Pb)-2223. The morphology and elemental contents of the produced samples were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). When compared to the pure (Bi, Pb)-2223 sample, EDX verified that adding Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4 to the superconductor improved the adsorption of saltwater components. Vickers microhardness (Hv) was measured at room temperature for 30 seconds with different applied forces (0.49 to 9.80 N) and different durations of the saltwater immersion (2, 6, 12, and 24 hours). Hv increased with increasing the immersion time in seawater from 2 to 24 hours. An optimum improvement (69.08%) was obtained for an addition of 0.04 wt. % of Zn0.5Ni0.5Fe2O4, where Hv values increased from 0.524 GPa to 0.886 GPa. With a deviation of less than 5%, the indentation-induced cracking (IIC) model provided the best theoretical analysis at the plateau limit region for measurements made before and after immersion in seawater.

Date: 2024
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