Gender and Racial Differences in the Earnings Penalty of Working from Home before and during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Alexandre Gori Maia and Yao Lu

No 13674, IDB Publications (Working Papers) from Inter-American Development Bank

Abstract: We investigate differences in earnings penalties associated with working from home (WFH) between groups of gender and race before and during the COVID-19 pandemic in Brazil. Using a large and nationally representative longitudinal dataset, we show that the earnings penalty associated with WFH diminished for White and Black men during the pandemic while remaining high for White and Black women. We further examine three mechanisms explaining these changes: i) the equilibrium between supply and demand, as more women than men transitioned to WFH during the pandemic; ii) labor productivity, as the effective working hours of Black women were more affected by WFH; and ii) visibility and promotion, as White women became less likely than White men to be promoted when WFH during the pandemic.

Keywords: Gender and race disparities; Telework; remote work; Labor market inequalities; Wage penalty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: J16 J21 J31 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024-08
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-gen, nep-hea and nep-lma
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:idb:brikps:13674

DOI: 10.18235/0013104

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