Transparency and Accountability in Bolivia: Does Voice Matter?

George Gray-Molina, Ernesto Perez de Rada and Ernesto Yáñez

No 3081, Research Department Publications from Inter-American Development Bank, Research Department

Abstract: Using a survey of clients, doctors and nurses in thirty municipal hospitals, this study examines the scope and determinants of corruption in Bolivia`s public health sector. The authors find that `voice` mechanisms such as citizen activism and oversight are significant in exposing bribery and deterring the overpricing of medical supplies. The existence of `exit` options, such as recourse to private health service providers, additionally serves to deter corruption. Hierarchical controls, such as administrative regulations and procedures, seem to have little impact on hospital corruption, though further research is needed to verify this finding.

Date: 1999-12
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