 From infrastructure to innovation: a review of economic growth effects from ICT, education, and R%DRashid S. Aljneibi, Ijaz Ur Rehman and Panagiotis D. Zervopoulos International Journal of Trade and Global Markets, 2026, vol. 22, issue 1, 1-30 Abstract: We review how information and communication technology (ICT), education, and Research and Development (R%D) work together to influence economic growth in both emerging and developed countries. To fill that gap, we reviewed 108 peer-reviewed papers from the Scopus database using thematic analysis and bibliometric mapping. Our review shows that ICT boosts the quality of education and strengthens R%D collaboration, which helps build skilled human capital and drive innovation, which is a key ingredient for economic growth. Education improves productivity and innovation potential, though its impact depends on the country's institutions and stage of development. R%D, meanwhile, supports long-term growth but needs a strong ecosystem and good governance to be effective. Overall, the findings point to a complex but influential relationship between ICT, education, and R%D. Together, they shape how economies grow, especially when policies are designed to match each country's unique needs and context. Keywords: digitalisation; education systems; research and development; innovation; economic growth. (search for similar items in EconPapers) Downloads: (external link) Related works: Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ids:ijtrgm:v:22:y:2026:i:1:p:1-30 Access Statistics for this article More articles in International Journal of Trade and Global Markets from Inderscience Enterprises Ltd |
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