Machine Learning and Explainable Artificial Intelligence for Network Intrusion Detection

Ibidun Christiana Obagbuwa, Madison N. Ngafeeson, Oluwatimileyin Favour Obagbuwa and Anthony Tsetse
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Ibidun Christiana Obagbuwa: Walter Sisulu University, South Africa
Madison N. Ngafeeson: Palm Beach Atlantic University, USA
Oluwatimileyin Favour Obagbuwa: Business Systems Group, South Africa
Anthony Tsetse: Northern Kentucky University, USA

International Journal of Information Security and Privacy (IJISP), 2026, vol. 20, issue 1, 1-22

Abstract: The growing sophistication of cyber threats demands adaptive security mechanisms beyond traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS). This paper explores integrating Machine Learning (ML) and Explainable Artificial Intelligence (XAI) to enhance Network Intrusion Detection Systems (NIDS). Using the CICIDS2017 dataset, the authors evaluate ML models including Convolutional Neural Networks (CNN), Random Forest, and XGBoost, balancing detection performance with interpretability. Results show XGBoost achieves the highest accuracy with minimal misclassifications, underscoring its robustness for intrusion detection. To address the black-box challenge of deep learning, SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) is applied to interpret predictions. Key features such as Destination Port, Flow Duration, and Packet Length emerged as critical, improving trust, reducing false positives, and aiding investigation. The authors highlight the necessity of coupling high-performing ML with XAI frameworks for transparency. Finally, challenges in scalability, robustness, and dataset generalizability are discussed.

Date: 2026
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