Deciphering International Students' Choices: Push-Pull Dynamics and Necessary Condition Analysis in Malaysian University Selection

Norzalita Abd Aziz, Saif Ahmed, Rasheedul Haque, Sayeeduz Zafar Qazi and Abdul Rahman Bin S Senathirajah
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Norzalita Abd Aziz: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Saif Ahmed: Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Malaysia
Rasheedul Haque: MAHSA University, Malaysia
Sayeeduz Zafar Qazi: University of Business and Technology, Saudi Arabia
Abdul Rahman Bin S Senathirajah: INTI International University, Malaysia

International Journal of Knowledge Management (IJKM), 2025, vol. 21, issue 1, 1-34

Abstract: This study examines the essential and influential factors guiding international students' decisions to enroll in Malaysian universities, focusing on university attributes, economic considerations, host country policies, cultural stimuli, and perceived skill acquisition. A quantitative research approach is adopted, combining Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and Necessary Condition Analysis (NCA) to identify both influential factors (sufficiency) and essential preconditions (necessity) for enrollment decisions. Data was collected through a cross-sectional survey of 400 international students, with stratified random sampling ensuring proportional representation. Results show that university characteristics, particularly academic quality and institutional reputation, are crucial determinants and necessary preconditions for attracting international applicants. This study differentiates between necessary and sufficient factors in international students' university selection, offering insights for policymakers and educational institutions to maintain sustainable growth.

Date: 2025
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