Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherlands: 2025 Article IV Consultation-Press Release; Staff Report; and Statement by the Executive Director for the Kingdom of the Netherlands—The Netherland

International Monetary Fund

No 2025/197, IMF Staff Country Reports from International Monetary Fund

Abstract: The Dutch economy is among the most developed globally and has drawn strength from deep integration in global value chains. It has weathered shocks well, yet its resilience is being tested, again—this time by a confluence of trade tensions and domestic policy uncertainty. The economy is at capacity, with elevated inflation, and increasingly binding constraints in the labor market, housing, emissions space, and the electricity grid. Futureproofing the economy will require policies that tackle these bottlenecks and align with a vision for sustainable long-term growth.

Pages: 82
Date: 2025-07-21
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