Fiscal Incentives and the Spatial Concentration of Battery Electric Vehicles in Portugal: A Network Approach

Bento Maria

No 2026/0420, Working Papers REM from ISEG - Lisbon School of Economics and Management, REM, Universidade de Lisboa

Abstract: This paper investigates the spatial concentration of Battery Electric Vehicles (BEVs) across Portuguese municipalities and examines how fiscal incentives are associated with that concentration. Using municipality-level data on BEV registrations, population, density, charging infrastructure, and local parking incentives, this paper combines loglinear modelling, rank-size analysis, and network analysis. Municipalities are represented as nodes in a complete network constructed from geographical distances. A minimum spanning tree is used to identify the connectivity threshold required to keep all municipalities connected. Such a threshold is used to move from a complete network to a sparse one, to which centrality measures are computed. The analysis provides descriptive evidence on whether BEV adoption is concentrated in larger, denser, better connected, and better equipped municipalities. The results contribute to the understanding of spatial inequalities in electric mobility adoption in Portugal and highlight the importance of considering network analysis when evaluating fiscal incentives.

Keywords: Battery electric vehicles; fiscal incentives; network analysis; spatial concentration; road infrastructure; Portugal. (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: C21 H23 Q58 R12 R48 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2026-06
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:ise:remwps:wp04202026

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