Population Density and Prosocial Behavior: Social Norms and Interdependence as Alternative Accounts

Benjamin Sheehan (), Pramodhya Dissanayake and Janani Kumarathunga
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Benjamin Sheehan: IUJ Research Institute, International University of Japan

No EMS_2026_06, Working Papers from Research Institute, International University of Japan

Abstract: Prosocial behavior is essential for a functioning society. Despite increasing urbanization, the impact of population density on prosocial behavior remains unclear. Prior research offers conflicting predictions. Some research suggests that increased density might increase prosocial behavior via increased opportunities to help others. Contrasting accounts suggest that increased density decreases prosocial behavior via anonymity and competition for resources. Across two correlational designs (N = 400), the present research suggests a small, positive relationship between density and self-reported prosocial behavior. However, a third study (N = 482) which manipulates perceived density, alongside other relevant constructs, suggests that strong vs. weak social norms and high vs. low interdependence are more proximal influences of prosocial behavior, than population density itself.

Keywords: Prosocial behavior; Population density; Social norms; Interdependence; Visibility (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 22 pages
Date: 2026-05
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