From Highway to Rail? Germany’s Public Transport Ticket Experiment

Theresa Daniel, Maximilian Maurice Gail and Phil-Adrian Klotz ()
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Theresa Daniel: Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Economics
Maximilian Maurice Gail: Justus-Liebig-University Giessen, Department of Economics
Phil-Adrian Klotz: Düsseldorf Institute for Competition Economics (DICE), Heinrich Heine University Düsseldorf

MAGKS Papers on Economics from Philipps-Universität Marburg, Faculty of Business Administration and Economics, Department of Economics (Volkswirtschaftliche Abteilung)

Abstract: This paper examines the impact of Germany’s nationwide 9-Euro-Ticket, a temporary almost fare-free transport ticket, on highway passenger traffic. Using a difference-in-differences approach, we find a significant reduction of approximately 4.5%, primarily driven by decreased weekend traffic. Event study results also indicate considerable heterogeneity across time, federal states, and road types. A similar but more persistent effect is observed for the Deutschlandticket, the permanent successor to the 9-Euro-Ticket. However, our findings suggest that neither ticket has resulted in a lasting shift from private cars to public transport, especially among commuters. Hence, the overall efficiency of this measure remains uncertain, particularly in view of the high direct costs and the necessary investments required to improve Germany’s rail infrastructure in the near future.

Keywords: Modal Shift; 9-Euro-Ticket; Deutschlandticket; Difference-in-Differences (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: L91 R41 R48 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Pages: 57 pages
Date: 2025
New Economics Papers: this item is included in nep-reg and nep-tre
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:mar:magkse:202507

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