Long-term decline in intergenerational mobility in the United States since the 1850s

Xi Song, Catherine G. Massey, Karen A. Rolf, Joseph P. Ferrie, Jonathan Rothbaum and Yu Xie ()
Additional contact information
Xi Song: Department of Sociology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
Catherine G. Massey: Welch Consulting
Karen A. Rolf: University of Nebraska at Omaha
Joseph P. Ferrie: Northwestern University
Yu Xie: Princeton University

Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 2020, vol. 117, issue 1, 251-258

Abstract: We make use of newly available data that include roughly 5 million linked household and population records from 1850 to 2015 to document long-term trends in intergenerational social mobility in the United States. Intergenerational mobility declined substantially over the past 150 y, but more slowly than previously thought. Intergenerational occupational rank–rank correlations increased from less than 0.17 to as high as 0.32, but most of this change occurred to Americans born before 1900. After controlling for the relatively high mobility of persons from farm origins, we find that intergenerational social mobility has been remarkably stable. In contrast with relative stability in rank-based measures of mobility, absolute mobility for the nonfarm population—the fraction of offspring whose occupational ranks are higher than those of their parents—increased for birth cohorts born prior to 1900 and has fallen for those born after 1940.

Keywords: intergenerational mobility; US history; inequality; occupation; US Census (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2020
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Citations: View citations in EconPapers (8)

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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nas:journl:v:117:y:2020:p:251-258

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