Recommendations for producing knowledge syntheses to inform climate change assessments

James D. Ford (), Robbert Biesbroek, Lea Berrang Ford, Felix Creutzig, Neal Haddaway, Sherilee Harper, Jan C. Minx, Mark New, Anne J. Sietsma, Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo and Max Callaghan
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James D. Ford: University of Leeds
Robbert Biesbroek: Wageningen University & Research
Lea Berrang Ford: University of Leeds
Felix Creutzig: Technische Universität Berlin
Sherilee Harper: University of Alberta
Jan C. Minx: University of Leeds
Mark New: University of Cape Town
Anne J. Sietsma: Climate Policy Radar
Carol Zavaleta-Cortijo: Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia
Max Callaghan: Department of Environmental Economics and Policy, Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research

Nature Climate Change, 2025, vol. 15, issue 7, 698-708

Abstract: Abstract Climate change assessments (CCAs) play a critical role in taking stock of the available science and other forms of knowledge and informing policy processes. As the underlying evidence base increases exponentially, the complexity also increases and challenges CCA author teams to capture all the relevant knowledge. Therefore, CCAs will need to transition from predominantly assessing primary research to focusing on the assessment and critical appraisal of knowledge syntheses of such work, alongside capturing knowledges held outside traditional scientific sources. To support this, a stronger knowledge synthesis culture is needed, and we propose key recommendations and offer guidance for producing robust, transparent, reproducible, inclusive and timely syntheses that can inform CCAs across scales.

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02354-6

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