Contrasting biological production trends over land and ocean

Yulong Zhang (), Wenhong Li, Ge Sun, Jiafu Mao, Matthew Dannenberg, Jingfeng Xiao, Zuchuan Li, Haipeng Zhao, Qianru Zhang, Shineng Hu, Conghe Song and Nicolas Cassar ()
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Yulong Zhang: Duke University
Wenhong Li: Duke University
Ge Sun: USDA Forest Service
Jiafu Mao: Oak Ridge National Laboratory
Matthew Dannenberg: University of Iowa
Jingfeng Xiao: University of New Hampshire
Zuchuan Li: Duke University
Haipeng Zhao: Duke University
Qianru Zhang: Duke University
Shineng Hu: Duke University
Conghe Song: University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill
Nicolas Cassar: Duke University

Nature Climate Change, 2025, vol. 15, issue 8, 880-888

Abstract: Abstract Terrestrial and marine ecosystems constitute the primary components of the Earth’s biosphere, yet their photosynthetic productions are typically studied separately, which limits understanding of planetary carbon uptake and biosphere health. Here, using multiple satellite-derived products, we identify contrasting net primary production (NPP) trends between land and ocean, probably reflecting their differential sensitivity to climate warming, especially in tropical regions. Planetary NPP shows an overall increase of 0.11 ± 0.13 PgC yr−1 (P = 0.05) from 2003 to 2021, driven by a significant terrestrial enhancement of 0.20 ± 0.07 PgC yr−1 (P

Date: 2025
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DOI: 10.1038/s41558-025-02375-1

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