Cytokinin functions as an asymmetric and anti-gravitropic signal in lateral roots

Sascha Waidmann, Michel Ruiz Rosquete, Maria Schöller, Elizabeth Sarkel, Heike Lindner, Therese LaRue, Ivan Petřík, Kai Dünser, Shanice Martopawiro, Rashmi Sasidharan, Ondrej Novak, Krzysztof Wabnik, José R. Dinneny and Jürgen Kleine-Vehn ()
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Sascha Waidmann: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
Michel Ruiz Rosquete: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
Maria Schöller: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
Elizabeth Sarkel: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
Heike Lindner: Stanford University
Therese LaRue: Stanford University
Ivan Petřík: Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Kai Dünser: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)
Shanice Martopawiro: Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University
Rashmi Sasidharan: Institute of Environmental Biology, Utrecht University
Ondrej Novak: Faculty of Science of Palacký University and Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences
Krzysztof Wabnik: Centro de Biotecnología y Genómica de Plantas (Universidad Politécnica de Madrid - Instituto Nacional de Investigación y Tecnología Agraria y Alimentaria)
José R. Dinneny: Stanford University
Jürgen Kleine-Vehn: University of Natural Resources and Life Sciences, Vienna (BOKU)

Nature Communications, 2019, vol. 10, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Directional organ growth allows the plant root system to strategically cover its surroundings. Intercellular auxin transport is aligned with the gravity vector in the primary root tips, facilitating downward organ bending at the lower root flank. Here we show that cytokinin signaling functions as a lateral root specific anti-gravitropic component, promoting the radial distribution of the root system. We performed a genome-wide association study and reveal that signal peptide processing of Cytokinin Oxidase 2 (CKX2) affects its enzymatic activity and, thereby, determines the degradation of cytokinins in natural Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. Cytokinin signaling interferes with growth at the upper lateral root flank and thereby prevents downward bending. Our interdisciplinary approach proposes that two phytohormonal cues at opposite organ flanks counterbalance each other’s negative impact on growth, suppressing organ growth towards gravity and allow for radial expansion of the root system.

Date: 2019
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-019-11483-4

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