Population sequencing enhances understanding of tea plant evolution

Xinchao Wang, Hu Feng, Yuxiao Chang, Chunlei Ma, Liyuan Wang, Xinyuan Hao, A’lun Li, Hao Cheng, Lu Wang, Peng Cui, Jiqiang Jin, Xiaobo Wang, Kang Wei, Cheng Ai, Sheng Zhao, Zhichao Wu, Youyong Li, Benying Liu, Guo-Dong Wang (), Liang Chen (), Jue Ruan () and Yajun Yang ()
Additional contact information
Xinchao Wang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hu Feng: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yuxiao Chang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Chunlei Ma: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Liyuan Wang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xinyuan Hao: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
A’lun Li: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Hao Cheng: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Lu Wang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Peng Cui: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jiqiang Jin: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Xiaobo Wang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Kang Wei: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Cheng Ai: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Sheng Zhao: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Zhichao Wu: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Youyong Li: Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Benying Liu: Yunnan Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Guo-Dong Wang: Chinese Academy of Sciences
Liang Chen: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Jue Ruan: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences
Yajun Yang: Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-10

Abstract: Abstract Tea is an economically important plant characterized by a large genome, high heterozygosity, and high species diversity. In this study, we assemble a 3.26-Gb high-quality chromosome-scale genome for the ‘Longjing 43’ cultivar of Camellia sinensis var. sinensis. Genomic resequencing of 139 tea accessions from around the world is used to investigate the evolution and phylogenetic relationships of tea accessions. We find that hybridization has increased the heterozygosity and wide-ranging gene flow among tea populations with the spread of tea cultivation. Population genetic and transcriptomic analyses reveal that during domestication, selection for disease resistance and flavor in C. sinensis var. sinensis populations has been stronger than that in C. sinensis var. assamica populations. This study provides resources for marker-assisted breeding of tea and sets the foundation for further research on tea genetics and evolution.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18228-8

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