Integrative genomic analysis reveals mechanisms of immune evasion in P. falciparum malaria

Mame Massar Dieng, Aïssatou Diawara, Vinu Manikandan, Hala Tamim El Jarkass, Samuel Sindié Sermé, Salif Sombié, Aïssata Barry, Sam Aboubacar Coulibaly, Amidou Diarra, Nizar Drou, Marc Arnoux, Ayman Yousif, Alfred B. Tiono, Sodiomon B. Sirima, Issiaka Soulama and Youssef Idaghdour ()
Additional contact information
Mame Massar Dieng: New York University Abu Dhabi
Aïssatou Diawara: New York University Abu Dhabi
Vinu Manikandan: New York University Abu Dhabi
Hala Tamim El Jarkass: New York University Abu Dhabi
Samuel Sindié Sermé: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Salif Sombié: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Aïssata Barry: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Sam Aboubacar Coulibaly: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Amidou Diarra: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Nizar Drou: New York University Abu Dhabi
Marc Arnoux: New York University Abu Dhabi
Ayman Yousif: New York University Abu Dhabi
Alfred B. Tiono: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Sodiomon B. Sirima: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Issiaka Soulama: Centre National de Recherche et de Formation sur le Paludisme
Youssef Idaghdour: New York University Abu Dhabi

Nature Communications, 2020, vol. 11, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract The mechanisms behind the ability of Plasmodium falciparum to evade host immune system are poorly understood and are a major roadblock in achieving malaria elimination. Here, we use integrative genomic profiling and a longitudinal pediatric cohort in Burkina Faso to demonstrate the role of post-transcriptional regulation in host immune response in malaria. We report a strong signature of miRNA expression differentiation associated with P. falciparum infection (127 out of 320 miRNAs, B-H FDR 5%) and parasitemia (72 miRNAs, B-H FDR 5%). Integrative miRNA-mRNA analysis implicates several infection-responsive miRNAs (e.g., miR-16-5p, miR-15a-5p and miR-181c-5p) promoting lymphocyte cell death. miRNA cis-eQTL analysis using whole-genome sequencing data identified 1,376 genetic variants associated with the expression of 34 miRNAs (B-H FDR 5%). We report a protective effect of rs114136945 minor allele on parasitemia mediated through miR-598-3p expression. These results highlight the impact of post-transcriptional regulation, immune cell death processes and host genetic regulatory control in malaria.

Date: 2020
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-18915-6

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