A hybrid additive manufacturing platform to create bulk and surface composition gradients on scaffolds for tissue regeneration

Ravi Sinha, Maria Cámara-Torres, Paolo Scopece, Emanuele Verga Falzacappa, Alessandro Patelli, Lorenzo Moroni and Carlos Mota ()
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Ravi Sinha: Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University
Maria Cámara-Torres: Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University
Paolo Scopece: Nadir s.r.l
Emanuele Verga Falzacappa: Nadir s.r.l
Alessandro Patelli: Department of Physics and Astronomy, Padova University
Lorenzo Moroni: Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University
Carlos Mota: Department of Complex Tissue Regeneration, MERLN Institute for Technology-Inspired Regenerative Medicine, Maastricht University

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-14

Abstract: Abstract Scaffolds with gradients of physico-chemical properties and controlled 3D architectures are crucial for engineering complex tissues. These can be produced using multi-material additive manufacturing (AM) techniques. However, they typically only achieve discrete gradients using separate printheads to vary compositions. Achieving continuous composition gradients, to better mimic tissues, requires material dosing and mixing controls. No such AM solution exists for most biomaterials. Existing AM techniques also cannot selectively modify scaffold surfaces to locally stimulate cell adhesion. A hybrid AM solution to cover these needs is reported here. A dosing- and mixing-enabled, dual-material printhead and an atmospheric pressure plasma jet to selectively activate/coat scaffold filaments during manufacturing were combined on one platform. Continuous composition gradients in both 2D hydrogels and 3D thermoplastic scaffolds were fabricated. An improvement in mechanical properties of continuous gradients compared to discrete gradients in the 3D scaffolds, and the ability to selectively enhance cell adhesion were demonstrated.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-020-20865-y

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