Caldera resurgence during the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra volcano, Galápagos Islands

Andrew F. Bell (), Peter C. La Femina, Mario Ruiz, Falk Amelung, Marco Bagnardi, Christopher J. Bean, Benjamin Bernard, Cynthia Ebinger, Matthew Gleeson, James Grannell, Stephen Hernandez, Machel Higgins, Céline Liorzou, Paul Lundgren, Nathan J. Meier, Martin Möllhoff, Sarah-Jaye Oliva, Andres Gorki Ruiz and Michael J. Stock
Additional contact information
Andrew F. Bell: University of Edinburgh
Peter C. La Femina: The Pennsylvania State University
Mario Ruiz: Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Falk Amelung: University of Miami
Marco Bagnardi: NASA Goddard Space Flight Center
Christopher J. Bean: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Benjamin Bernard: Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Cynthia Ebinger: Tulane University
Matthew Gleeson: University of Cambridge
James Grannell: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Stephen Hernandez: Escuela Politécnica Nacional
Machel Higgins: The Pennsylvania State University
Céline Liorzou: Laboratoire Géosciences Océan, Université de Bretagne Occidentale
Paul Lundgren: California Institute of Technology
Nathan J. Meier: The Pennsylvania State University
Martin Möllhoff: Dublin Institute for Advanced Studies
Sarah-Jaye Oliva: Tulane University
Andres Gorki Ruiz: The Pennsylvania State University
Michael J. Stock: Trinity College Dublin

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-9

Abstract: Abstract Recent large basaltic eruptions began after only minor surface uplift and seismicity, and resulted in caldera subsidence. In contrast, some eruptions at Galápagos Island volcanoes are preceded by prolonged, large amplitude uplift and elevated seismicity. These systems also display long-term intra-caldera uplift, or resurgence. However, a scarcity of observations has obscured the mechanisms underpinning such behaviour. Here we combine a unique multiparametric dataset to show how the 2018 eruption of Sierra Negra contributed to caldera resurgence. Magma supply to a shallow reservoir drove 6.5 m of pre-eruptive uplift and seismicity over thirteen years, including an Mw5.4 earthquake that triggered the eruption. Although co-eruptive magma withdrawal resulted in 8.5 m of subsidence, net uplift of the inner-caldera on a trapdoor fault resulted in 1.5 m of permanent resurgence. These observations reveal the importance of intra-caldera faulting in affecting resurgence, and the mechanisms of eruption in the absence of well-developed rift systems.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-21596-4

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