Manipulating anion intercalation enables a high-voltage aqueous dual ion battery

Zhaodong Huang, Yue Hou, Tairan Wang, Yuwei Zhao, Guojin Liang, Xinliang Li, Ying Guo, Qi Yang, Ze Chen, Qing Li, Longtao Ma, Jun Fan () and Chunyi Zhi ()
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Zhaodong Huang: City University of Hong Kong
Yue Hou: City University of Hong Kong
Tairan Wang: City University of Hong Kong
Yuwei Zhao: City University of Hong Kong
Guojin Liang: City University of Hong Kong
Xinliang Li: City University of Hong Kong
Ying Guo: City University of Hong Kong
Qi Yang: City University of Hong Kong
Ze Chen: City University of Hong Kong
Qing Li: City University of Hong Kong
Longtao Ma: City University of Hong Kong
Jun Fan: City University of Hong Kong
Chunyi Zhi: City University of Hong Kong

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Aqueous graphite-based dual ion batteries have unique superiorities in stationary energy storage systems due to their non-transition metal configuration and safety properties. However, there is an absence of thorough study of the interactions between anions and water molecules and between anions and electrode materials, which is essential to achieve high output voltage. Here we reveal the four-stage intercalation process and energy conversion in a graphite cathode of anions with different configurations. The difference between the intercalation energy and hydration energy of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide makes the best use of the electrochemical stability window of its electrolyte and delivers a high intercalation potential, while BF4− and CF3SO3− do not exhibit a satisfactory potential because the graphite intercalation potential of BF4− is inferior and the graphite intercalation potential of CF3SO3− exceeds the voltage window of its electrolyte. An aqueous dual ion battery based on the intercalation behaviors of bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide anions into a graphite cathode exhibits a high voltage of 2.2 V together with a specific energy of 242.74 Wh kg−1. This work provides clear guidance for the voltage plateau manipulation of anion intercalation into two-dimensional materials.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23369-5

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