Designed and biologically active protein lattices

Shih-Ting Wang, Brian Minevich, Jianfang Liu, Honghu Zhang, Dmytro Nykypanchuk, James Byrnes, Wu Liu, Lev Bershadsky, Qun Liu, Tong Wang, Gang Ren and Oleg Gang ()
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Shih-Ting Wang: Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Brian Minevich: Columbia University
Jianfang Liu: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Honghu Zhang: Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Dmytro Nykypanchuk: Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory
James Byrnes: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Wu Liu: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Lev Bershadsky: Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory
Qun Liu: Brookhaven National Laboratory
Tong Wang: Advanced Science Research Center at the Graduate Center of the City University of New York
Gang Ren: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory
Oleg Gang: Center for Functional Nanomaterials, Brookhaven National Laboratory

Nature Communications, 2021, vol. 12, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract Versatile methods to organize proteins in space are required to enable complex biomaterials, engineered biomolecular scaffolds, cell-free biology, and hybrid nanoscale systems. Here, we demonstrate how the tailored encapsulation of proteins in DNA-based voxels can be combined with programmable assembly that directs these voxels into biologically functional protein arrays with prescribed and ordered two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) organizations. We apply the presented concept to ferritin, an iron storage protein, and its iron-free analog, apoferritin, in order to form single-layers, double-layers, as well as several types of 3D protein lattices. Our study demonstrates that internal voxel design and inter-voxel encoding can be effectively employed to create protein lattices with designed organization, as confirmed by in situ X-ray scattering and cryo-electron microscopy 3D imaging. The assembled protein arrays maintain structural stability and biological activity in environments relevant for protein functionality. The framework design of the arrays then allows small molecules to access the ferritins and their iron cores and convert them into apoferritin arrays through the release of iron ions. The presented study introduces a platform approach for creating bio-active protein-containing ordered nanomaterials with desired 2D and 3D organizations.

Date: 2021
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23966-4

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