An intronic transposon insertion associates with a trans-species color polymorphism in Midas cichlid fishes

Claudius F. Kratochwil (), Andreas F. Kautt, Alexander Nater, Andreas Härer, Yipeng Liang, Frederico Henning and Axel Meyer ()
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Claudius F. Kratochwil: University of Konstanz
Andreas F. Kautt: University of Konstanz
Alexander Nater: University of Konstanz
Andreas Härer: University of Konstanz
Yipeng Liang: University of Konstanz
Frederico Henning: Federal University of Rio de Janeiro (UFRJ)
Axel Meyer: University of Konstanz

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-8

Abstract: Abstract Polymorphisms have fascinated biologists for a long time, but their genetic underpinnings often remain elusive. Here, we aim to uncover the genetic basis of the gold/dark polymorphism that is eponymous of Midas cichlid fish (Amphilophus spp.) adaptive radiations in Nicaraguan crater lakes. While most Midas cichlids are of the melanic “dark morph”, about 10% of individuals lose their melanic pigmentation during their ontogeny and transition into a conspicuous “gold morph”. Using a new haplotype-resolved long-read assembly we discover an 8.2 kb, transposon-derived inverted repeat in an intron of an undescribed gene, which we term goldentouch in reference to the Greek myth of King Midas. The gene goldentouch is differentially expressed between morphs, presumably due to structural implications of inverted repeats in both DNA and/or RNA (cruciform and hairpin formation). The near-perfect association of the insertion with the phenotype across independent populations suggests that it likely underlies this trans-specific, stable polymorphism.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-27685-8

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