Structures and function of a tailoring oxidase in complex with a nonribosomal peptide synthetase module

Camille Marie Fortinez, Kristjan Bloudoff, Connor Harrigan, Itai Sharon, Mike Strauss and T. Martin Schmeing ()
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Camille Marie Fortinez: McGill University
Kristjan Bloudoff: McGill University
Connor Harrigan: McGill University
Itai Sharon: McGill University
Mike Strauss: McGill University
T. Martin Schmeing: McGill University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: Abstract Nonribosomal peptide synthetases (NRPSs) are large modular enzymes that synthesize secondary metabolites and natural product therapeutics. Most NRPS biosynthetic pathways include an NRPS and additional proteins that introduce chemical modifications before, during or after assembly-line synthesis. The bacillamide biosynthetic pathway is a common, three-protein system, with a decarboxylase that prepares an NRPS substrate, an NRPS, and an oxidase. Here, the pathway is reconstituted in vitro. The oxidase is shown to perform dehydrogenation of the thiazoline in the peptide intermediate while it is covalently attached to the NRPS, as the penultimate step in bacillamide D synthesis. Structural analysis of the oxidase reveals a dimeric, two-lobed architecture with a remnant RiPP recognition element and a dramatic wrapping loop. The oxidase forms a stable complex with the NRPS and dimerizes it. We visualized co-complexes of the oxidase bound to the elongation module of the NRPS using X-ray crystallography and cryo-EM. The three active sites (for adenylation, condensation/cyclization, and oxidation) form an elegant arc to facilitate substrate delivery. The structures enabled a proof-of-principle bioengineering experiment in which the BmdC oxidase domain is embedded into the NRPS.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28221-y

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