Geminiviruses employ host DNA glycosylases to subvert DNA methylation-mediated defense

Xiaojian Gui, Chang Liu, Yijun Qi () and Xueping Zhou ()
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Xiaojian Gui: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University
Chang Liu: Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University
Yijun Qi: Center for Plant Biology, School of Life Sciences, Tsinghua University
Xueping Zhou: State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology, Institute of Biotechnology, Zhejiang University

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract DNA methylation is an epigenetic mechanism that plays important roles in gene regulation and transposon silencing. Active DNA demethylation has evolved to counterbalance DNA methylation at many endogenous loci. Here, we report that active DNA demethylation also targets viral DNAs, tomato yellow leaf curl China virus (TYLCCNV) and its satellite tomato yellow leaf curl China betasatellite (TYLCCNB), to promote their virulence. We demonstrate that the βC1 protein, encoded by TYLCCNB, interacts with a ROS1-like DNA glycosylase in Nicotiana benthamiana and with the DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase in Arabidopsis thaliana. The interaction between βC1 and DME facilitates the DNA glycosylase activity to decrease viral DNA methylation and promote viral virulence. These findings reveal that active DNA demethylation can be regulated by a viral protein to subvert DNA methylation-mediated defense.

Date: 2022
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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-28262-3

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