Modeling of waning immunity after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination and influencing factors

Laura Pérez-Alós (), Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros, Johannes Roth Madsen, Cecilie Bo Hansen, Ida Jarlhelt, Sebastian Rask Hamm, Line Dam Heftdal, Mia Marie Pries-Heje, Dina Leth Møller, Kamille Fogh, Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch, Anne Rosbjerg, Søren Brunak, Erik Sørensen, Margit Anita Hørup Larsen, Sisse Rye Ostrowski, Ruth Frikke-Schmidt, Rafael Bayarri-Olmos, Linda Maria Hilsted, Kasper Karmark Iversen, Henning Bundgaard, Susanne Dam Nielsen and Peter Garred ()
Additional contact information
Laura Pérez-Alós: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Jose Juan Almagro Armenteros: University of Copenhagen
Johannes Roth Madsen: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Cecilie Bo Hansen: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Ida Jarlhelt: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Sebastian Rask Hamm: Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Line Dam Heftdal: Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Mia Marie Pries-Heje: Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Dina Leth Møller: Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Kamille Fogh: University of Copenhagen
Rasmus Bo Hasselbalch: University of Copenhagen
Anne Rosbjerg: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Søren Brunak: University of Copenhagen
Erik Sørensen: Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Margit Anita Hørup Larsen: Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Sisse Rye Ostrowski: Section 2034, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Ruth Frikke-Schmidt: University of Copenhagen
Rafael Bayarri-Olmos: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Linda Maria Hilsted: Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Kasper Karmark Iversen: University of Copenhagen
Henning Bundgaard: Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Susanne Dam Nielsen: Section 8632, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen
Peter Garred: Section 7631, Rigshospitalet, University of Copenhagen

Nature Communications, 2022, vol. 13, issue 1, 1-11

Abstract: Abstract SARS-CoV-2 vaccines are crucial in controlling COVID-19, but knowledge of which factors determine waning immunity is limited. We examined antibody levels and T-cell gamma-interferon release after two doses of BNT162b2 vaccine or a combination of ChAdOx1-nCoV19 and BNT162b2 vaccines for up to 230 days after the first dose. Generalized mixed models with and without natural cubic splines were used to determine immunity over time. Antibody responses were influenced by natural infection, sex, and age. IgA only became significant in naturally infected. A one-year IgG projection suggested an initial two-phase response in those given the second dose delayed (ChAdOx1/BNT162b2) followed by a more rapid decrease of antibody levels. T-cell responses correlated significantly with IgG antibody responses. Our results indicate that IgG levels will drop at different rates depending on prior infection, age, sex, T-cell response, and the interval between vaccine injections. Only natural infection mounted a significant and lasting IgA response.

Date: 2022
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Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:nat:natcom:v:13:y:2022:i:1:d:10.1038_s41467-022-29225-4

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DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29225-4

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